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Rubén Carlos Tunqui Cruz

El presente estudio investiga la relación cuantitativa entre la producción científica, medida a través de la inversión en Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D), y el desarrollo socioeconómico, evaluado mediante indicadores como el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) per cápita y el crecimiento económico. Utilizando un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo, se analizaron datos de panel de 18 países, clasificados en tres grupos (Desarrollados, Emergentes y Latinoamérica), durante el período 2010-2022. Los datos fueron obtenidos de fuentes oficiales como el Banco Mundial y la OCDE. Los resultados revelan una correlación positiva, fuerte y estadísticamente significativa (r = 0.730, p < 0.001) entre el gasto en I+D como porcentaje del PIB y el PIB per cápita. Sin embargo, no se encontró una correlación significativa entre la inversión en I+D y el crecimiento económico anual a corto plazo. El análisis comparativo demuestra brechas sustanciales en la inversión en I+D, con los países desarrollados invirtiendo en promedio un 2.81% de su PIB, en comparación con el 1.03% de los emergentes y el 0.34% de los latinoamericanos. Estas diferencias se asocian con disparidades en el nivel de ingreso y la estructura productiva. Se concluye que la inversión sostenida en ciencia y tecnología es un factor fundamental para alcanzar mayores niveles de desarrollo socioeconómico a largo plazo, aunque su impacto en el crecimiento coyuntural no sea directo. El estudio subraya la necesidad de que los países, especialmente los emergentes y en desarrollo, fortalezcan sus políticas de fomento a la I+D como estrategia para la transformación productiva y la mejora del bienestar social.

This study investigates the quantitative relationship between scientific production, measured through Research and Development (R&D) investment, and socioeconomic development, assessed through indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and economic growth. Using a quantitative methodological approach, panel data from 18 countries, classified into three groups (Developed, Emerging, and Latin America), were analyzed for the period 2010-2022. Data were obtained from official sources such as the World Bank and the OECD. The results reveal a strong, positive, and statistically significant correlation (r = 0.730, p < 0.001) between R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP and GDP per capita. However, no significant correlation was found between R&D investment and short-term annual economic growth. The comparative analysis demonstrates substantial gaps in R&D investment, with developed countries investing an average of 2.81% of their GDP, compared to 1.03% for emerging countries and 0.34% for Latin American countries. These differences are associated with disparities in income levels and productive structures. It is concluded that sustained investment in science and technology is a fundamental factor for achieving higher levels of long-term socioeconomic development, although its impact on cyclical growth may not be direct. The study underscores the need for countries, especially emerging and developing ones, to strengthen their R&D promotion policies as a strategy for productive transformation and social welfare improvement.

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Tunqui Cruz, R. C. (2025). Impacto de la Producción Científica en el Desarrollo Socioeconómico: Un Análisis Cuantitativo Global. Revista Boliviana De Educación, 7(13), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.61287/rebe.v7i13.1199
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