Metodologías activas en los cursos preuniversitarios de la Carrera de Ciencias de la Educación (UPEA)
Active Methodologies in Pre-University Courses in the Educational Sciences Program at UPEAContenido principal del artículo
Los cursos preuniversitarios suelen operar con clases expositivas centradas en el docente y evaluaciones focalizadas en la memorización, lo que limita la participación estudiantil y la transferencia de aprendizajes. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si la aplicación de un programa integral de metodologías activas, que incluye clase invertida, ABP, ABI, aprendizaje guiado, colaborativo y gamificación, mejora el proceso formativo en los cursos preuniversitarios de la Carrera de Ciencias de la Educación de la UPEA. Este fue desarrollado bajo un enfoque cuantitativo y diseño cuasi–experimental (GE: O₁ X O₂ / GC: O₃ - O₄) donde participaron 118 estudiantes (GE=60; GC=58), a los que se aplicaron pruebas de logro formativo (pretest–postest). El Grupo Experimental (GE) mostró una mejora significativa de 18.7 puntos (pretest: 56.2; postest: 74.9), mientras el Grupo Control (GC) solo aumentó 1.3 puntos. Las diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas (p<.001) con tamaños de efecto grandes (d=2.14 intergrupal; d=1.59 intragrupal), demostrando la efectividad de la intervención. Esta investigación validó contundentemente que la implementación sistematizada de metodologías activas constituye una estrategia pedagógica significativamente más efectiva que los modelos tradicionales para optimizar el proceso formativo en cursos preuniversitarios.
Pre-university courses are often delivered through teacher-centered, lecture-based classes and memorization-focused assessments that limit student participation and the transfer of learning. This study aimed to determine whether implementing a comprehensive program of active methodologies—including flipped classroom, problem-based learning (PBL), inquiry-based learning (IBL), guided learning, collaborative learning, and gamification—improves the formative process in pre-university courses in the Educational Sciences program at UPEA. A quantitative, quasi-experimental design was employed (experimental group [EG]: O₁ X O₂; control group [CG]: O₃–O₄) with 118 students (EG = 60; CG = 58), using formative achievement tests in a pretest–posttest format. The EG showed a significant gain of 18.7 points (pretest: 56.2; posttest: 74.9), whereas the CG increased by only 1.3 points. Differences were statistically significant (p < .001) with large effect sizes (between-group d = 2.14; within-group d = 1.59), demonstrating the effectiveness of the intervention. These findings provide strong evidence that the systematic implementation of active methodologies is substantially more effective than traditional models for optimizing the formative process in pre-university courses.
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