Main Article Content

Leonardo Gabriel Sánchez Lample
Manuel Antonio Renjifo Pérez
Noraima Coromoto Bautista Correa
Fanny Ortiz de Requena

This study analyzed the impact of excessive mobile device use on the cognitive, motor, socioemotional development and sleep quality of children aged 5 and 6 years enrolled in the third preschool level at Colegio San José de Tarbes, El Paraíso campus, Venezuela. The research adopted a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational approach with a sample of 19 participants. Subtests from the WPPSI-IV, the HTKS test, the Beery VMI, the SDQ questionnaire and a parental sleep log were administered. Results revealed that 47% of children exceeded two daily hours of screen time with recreational content predominating. Significant differences were observed between exposure levels in attention, expressive language, fine and gross motor skills, socioemotional competencies and sleep quality. The higher exposure group displayed a more vulnerable profile across all assessed dimensions. It is concluded that excessive mobile device exposure is associated with alterations in the comprehensive development of preschoolers, highlighting the need for parental mediation strategies and educational policies that regulate screen access in early childhood.

El uso de dispositivos móviles en preescolares constituye un tema crítico por su impacto en el desarrollo cognitivo, motor, socioemocional y en la calidad del sueño. Analizar el impacto del uso excesivo de dispositivos móviles en el desarrollo cognitivo, motor, socioemocional y la calidad del sueño de niños de 5 y 6 años de edad, matriculados en el tercer nivel de preescolar del Colegio San José de Tarbes, sede El Paraíso, Venezuela. La investigación adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo no experimental, transversal y descriptivo-correlacional, con una muestra de 19 participantes. Se aplicaron subpruebas de la WPPSI-IV, el test HTKS, el Beery VMI, el cuestionario SDQ y un registro parental de sueño. El estudio evidencia que el 47% de los niños superó las dos horas diarias de pantalla con los dispositivos móviles, con predominio de contenido recreativo. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los niveles de exposición en atención, lenguaje expresivo, motricidad fina y gruesa, competencias socioemocionales y calidad del sueño. El grupo con mayor exposición mostró un perfil más vulnerable en todas las dimensiones evaluadas. Se concluye que la sobreexposición a dispositivos móviles se asocia con alteraciones en el desarrollo integral de los preescolares, lo cual subraya la necesidad de implementar estrategias de mediación parental y políticas educativas que regulen el acceso a pantallas en la primera infancia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Sánchez Lample , L. G. ., Renjifo Pérez , M. A. ., Bautista Correa , N. C. ., & Ortiz de Requena , F. . (2026). Mobile devices in preschoolers: impact on cognitive, motor, socioemotional development and sleep. Bolivian Education Journal, 8(16), 12–23. Retrieved from https://revistarebe.org/index.php/rebe/article/view/2097
Section
Research Articles
Referencias

Amaral de Andrade Leão, O., Flores, T., de Oliveira Nava, D., Soares, P., Murray, J., Domingues, M., y Hallal, P. (2025). Patterns of screen time from ages 2 to 6-7 years in South Brazil: A prospective study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 51(1), e70033. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.70033

Almeida, M., Garon, G., Cinar, E., Frizzo, G., y Fitzpatrick, C. (2023). Prospective associations between child screen time and parenting stress and later inattention symptoms in preschoolers during the COVID-19 pandemic., 14, 1053146. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1053146

Beatty, C., y Egan, S. M. (2025). The influence of screen time and screen activity on socio-emotional development in 5-year-old children: Findings from a nationally representative Irish cohort study. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 23(2), 245-263. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718x251399462

Brauchli, V., Edelsbrunner, P., Castro, R., Barr, R., Von Wyl, A., Lannen, P., y Sticca, F. (2024). Screen time vs. scream time: Developmental interrelations between young children’s screen time, negative affect, and effortful control. Computers in Human Behavior, 158, 108138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108138

Buendía, G., Tasayco, A., y Menacho, A. (2025). Gamificación y tecnología en la educación infantil: una revisión sistemática. Revista InveCom, 5(3), e050381. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14549138

Caamaño, F., Arriagada, C., Lagos, R., Fuentes, G., Jara, L., Sandoval, E., y Delgado, P. (2025). The potential mediating role of good mental health on the relationship between low physical activity and high screen time with executive functions in Chilean children and adolescents. Children, 12(10), 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12101402

Cunia, G. (2025). Expresión oral en niños de nivel inicial en Hispanoamérica: una revisión sistemática. (2025). Revista InveCom, 5(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14984659

D’Souza, D., Dowd, A., Prodromou, S., Snowling, M. J., y Smith, C. (2023). The relationship between language and technology: A systematic review. Brain Sciences, 14(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010027

Dutra, R., Castro, Y. M., Moran, V., Mattos, V. G. W., Rodrigues, P. V. M., Bacil, E. D. A., y da Silva, M. P. (2025). Association between exposure to smartphones and tablets and motor development in early childhood: A systematic review. Child: Care, Health and Development, 51(6), e70180. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.70180

Fitzpatrick, C., Pan, P. M., Lemieux, A., Harvey, E., Rocha, F. de A., y Garon-Carrier, G. (2024). Early-childhood tablet use and outbursts of anger. JAMA Pediatrics, 178(10), 1035-1040. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.2511

García, S., y Dias de Carvalho, T. (2022). El uso de pantallas electrónicas en niños pequeños y de edad preescolar. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría, 120(5), 340-345. https://doi.org/10.5546/aap.2022.340

Grandner, M. A., Dzierzewski, J. M., Gozal, D., Lopos, J. G., Miller, A. N., y Redline, S. (2025). Screen use and sleep health in children, adolescents, and adults: National Sleep Foundation consensus considerations and practical suggestions. Sleep Health, 11(3), 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2025.05.002

Hidalgo, L., Bobadilla, M., Sterling, J., y Paz, G. (2024). Impacto de las tic en el desarrollo cognitivo y emocional en un grupo de niños de 3 a 4 años. Prohominum. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, 6(2), 327-339.https://doi.org/10.47606/acven/ph0256

Kar, S., Dube, R., Goud, B., Gibrata, Q., El-Balbissi, A., Al Salim, T., y Fatayerji, R. (2025). Impact of Screen Time on Development of Children. Children, 12(10), 1297. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12101297

Lakicevic, N., Manojlovic, M., Chichinina, E., y colaboradores. (2025). Screen time exposure and executive functions in preschool children. Scientific Reports, 15, 1839. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79290-6

López, S., Bustos, E., y Castillo, O. (2024). Uso de pantallas en población infantil: ¿amigo o enemigo? Revista Chilena de Nutrición, 51(6), 428-429. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-7518(2024)0510060428

Mallawaarachchi, S., Burley, J., Mavilidi, M., Howard, S. J., Straker, L., Kervin, L., Staton, S., Hayes, N., Machell, A., Torjinski, M., Brady, B., Thomas, G., Horwood, S., White, S. L. J., Zabatiero, J., Rivera, C., y Cliff, D. (2024). Early childhood screen use contexts and cognitive and psychosocial outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, *178*(10), 1017–1026. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.2620

Martzog, P., y Suggate, S. P. (2022). Screen media are associated with fine motor skill development in preschool children. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 59, 240-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2022.03.010

Merín, L., Toledano, A., Fernández, L., Nieto, M., Del Olmo, N., y Latorre, J. (2024). Evaluation of the association between excessive screen use, sleep patterns and behavioral and cognitive aspects in preschool population. A systematic review. European Child & AdolescentPsychiatry, 33(12),4097-4114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02430-w

Muppalla, S. (2023). Effects of excessive screen time on child development: An updated review and strategies for management. Cureus, 15(6), e40608. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40608

Nustad, S., y Abrahamsson, L. (2026). Passive and active screen time relate differently to attention in preschool children. Frontiers in Psychology, 17, 1737937. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1737937

Nwachukwu, E. C., Nigam, A., Lakshmisai, S. S., Sakarkar, P., Bheemaneni, R. S., y Malasevskaia, I. A. (2025). Impact of screen time on language development and vocabulary acquisition in early childhood: A systematic review. Cureus, 17(9), e97429. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.97429

Pincay, I., González, J., Molina, C., y Win, A. (2025). Patrones de uso de pantallas y desarrollo cognitivo global en niños preescolares. Revista Cubana De Medicina Militar, 54(4), e025076883. https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/76883/3264

Putnick, D. L., Trinh, M. H., Sundaram, R., Bell, E. M., Ghassabian, A., Robinson, S. L., y Yeung, E. (2022). Displacement of peer play by screen time: Associations with toddler development. Pediatric Research, 93, 1120-1128. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-02261-y

Rocha, M. F. de A., Bezerra, R. E. de A., Gomes, L. de A., Mendes, A. L. de A. C., y Lucena, A. B. de. (2022). Consecuencias del uso excesivo de pantallas para la salud infantil: una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Research, Society and Development, 11(4), e39211427476. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27476

Soto, P., Godoy, F., Narea, M., y Ayala, C. (2025). Screen exposure in Chilean children during early childhood and socio-emotional problems: Relationship and directionality. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1589113. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1589113

Stamati, M., Gago, L., Miller, L., Elgier, A., Hauché, J., y Azzollini, S. (2022). Asociación entre el uso de medios electrónicos, hitos del desarrollo y lenguaje en infantes. Interdisciplinaria, 39(3), 151-166. https://doi.org/ 10.16888/interd.2022.39.3.9

Suárez, E. (2025). Juegos didácticos en el desarrollo de habilidades motoras en niños de preescolar: una revisión sistemática. Aula Virtual, 6(13), e478.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15823664

Sticca, F., Brauchli, V., y Lannen, P. (2025). Screen on = development off? A systematic scoping review and a developmental psychology perspective on the effects of screen time on early childhood development. Frontiers in Developmental Psychology, 3, 1439040. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdpys.2024.1439040

Zamora, R., Paguay, M., Bone, M., y Zamora, M. (2025). Impacto del uso temprano de dispositivos digitales en el desarrollo cognitivo de niños de 3 a 4 años. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v9i1.18104

Zhou, S., Ding, W., Xiao, B., y Li, Y. (2024). Screen time and behavioural problems among preschool children: Unveiling the mediating effect of sleep quality. Early Child Development and Care, 194(18), 2391-2403. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2024.2393413